Diego de Gardoqui was the Spanish Minister to the United States in the years following the Revolutionary War.
Patrick Henry's Three Bugbears
In June of 1787 Patrick Henry gave a speech arguing against ratification of the Constitution by brushing off the scare tactics being used by the Federalists.
Peter Van Brugh Livingston Guides New York Patriots
Peter Van Brugh Livingston’s contribution to the American Founding was as an elder statesman during the early days of rebellion in New York State.
The Sibling with Nothing to Sign - Richard Morris
Richard Morris was Chief Justice of New York State through a majority of the American Founding.
Joseph Thompson and the Battle of Young's House
Joseph Thompson was the main Patriot leader in a skirmish known as the Battle of Young’s House, which inspired me to look deeper into his life.
The Highest Ranking Native American in the Continental Army - Colonel Louis Cook
Joseph Louis Cook was the only person of Black heritage to be named an officer in the Continental Army.
Philanthropos warns that the Constitution Will Lead to Civil War
Philanthropos was the pseudonym of an Anti-Federalist who warned that the Constitution was a tool of restless men whose thirst for power would lead to a civil war.
John Smilie's Strange Absence From The Whiskey Rebellion
John Smilie was a radically politician from Western Pennsylvania who was a darling of the Whiskey Rebels.
Joseph Whipple's Contribution to Freedom in Portsmouth
Joseph Whipple was a wealthy merchant in Portsmouth, NH who helped several former slaves establish themselves in town.
Absconded From the Household of the President - Ona Judge's Escape
Ona Judge was a slave of the Washington’s who escaped to freedom while George was President of the United States.
Rhode Island as an Anti-Federalist Example
Rhode Island Is Right! was a letter published in newspapers throughout America during the Constitution Ratification Debates promoting Anti-Federalist principles.
Weathering the Storm - William Hindman's Frightening Trip to Massachusetts
William Hindman was a Continental Congressman, US Representative and Senator who was quite shaken by a boat ride through a storm.
Lucy Ludwell Paradise's Lifetime of Loss
Lucy Paradise might sound like the name of an adult film star, but she was the wealthy heiress of the Ludlow fortune in Virginia.
Getting Money Back - John Brown Cutting and the Prince of Luxembourg
John Brown Cutting was an important, if unofficial, figure in Early American European politics.
David Salisbury Franks - Jewish Officer of the Continental Army
David Salisbury Franks was a Jewish Canadian who spent his fortune in support of the American Revolution, served as an Officer in the Continental Army and went to Europe as a Diplomat.
The Federal Bull-Dog: Luther Martin's Anti-Federalist Beginnings
Luther Martin left the Constitutional Convention early and campaigned against ratification.
John Taylor of Caroline Criticizes the Elite
John Taylor of Caroline was a major opponent of the Federalist Party whose writings would later be championed by Southern Secessionist.
Titus Hosmer and the Court of Appeals in Cases of Capture
Titus Hosmer was a signer of the Articles of Confederation and an original justice on the first Federal Court.
Andrew Moore Solicits Donations from Washington
Andrew Moore was a Continental Army Veteran who served as an inaugural member of the US House of Representatives.
Washington the Businessman - The James River Company
The James River Company was one of several major business investments George Washington participated in during his lifetime.